Which of the following is an example of a second-generation antipsychotic?

• A. Clozapine
• B. Haloperidol
• C. Fluphenazine
• D. Perphenazine

Answer: (A)

Second-generation antipsychotics (atypical) combine dopamine D2 blockade with serotonin 5-HT2A antagonism, which helps reduce movement-related side effects and can improve negative symptoms. Clozapine is the prototype of this class and is particularly noted for its effectiveness in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, though it requires careful blood monitoring due to the risk of agranulocytosis.

The other drugs listed are traditional (typical) antipsychotics that mainly block D2 receptors and are more likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. Haloperidol, fluphenazine, and perphenazine therefore fit the older, typical category rather than the second-generation.