Which of the following describes long-term sensory-motor impairments after traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

• A. Persistent weakness or paralysis, altered muscle tone, spasticity, impaired balance, coordination deficits, gait abnormalities, and reduced endurance.
• B. Only cognitive deficits
• C. Hearing loss only
• D. Visual impairment only

Answer: (D)

Long-term sensory-motor impairments after a traumatic brain injury are best understood as a range of motor system changes that affect strength, muscle tone, balance, coordination, gait, and endurance. The description that includes persistent weakness or paralysis, altered muscle tone with spasticity, impaired balance, coordination deficits, gait abnormalities, and reduced endurance captures this broad, lasting impact on movement and motor control. Visual, hearing, or cognitive deficits can occur after TBI, but describing long-term sensory-motor impairment as “visual impairment only” or any single domain misses the widespread motor and sensorimotor coordination challenges that commonly persist.