Which of the following best describes common symptoms of tumour lysis syndrome?

• A. Rash and itching
• B. Headache and dizziness
• C. Weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, shortness of breath, irregular heart rate
• D. Joint pains only

Answer: (C)

Tumour lysis syndrome happens when lots of tumor cells break open at once, releasing potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acids into the blood. This creates electrolyte and metabolic disturbances that affect the heart, kidneys, and overall wellbeing. That collection of effects leads to weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath, and an irregular heart rate—the exact combination described. The other options don’t fit TLS well: a rash and itching aren’t typical symptoms of this syndrome, headaches and dizziness are too nonspecific, and joint pains alone don’t reflect the systemic metabolic disturbances TLS causes. Recognizing this cluster of symptoms helps you anticipate potential kidney and heart complications.