Which cardiac rhythm disturbances can cause palpitations?

• A. Tachycardia
• B. Bradycardia
• C. Ectopic beats
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Palpitations occur when the heart's rhythm is disturbed enough to be felt as a racing, pounding, fluttering, or skipped beat. Different rhythm disturbances can produce that sensation: fast rhythms make the heart beat more rapidly and forcefully; slow rhythms can feel irregular or cause noticeable pauses; and ectopic beats introduce premature pulses that stand out against the regular rhythm.

Tachycardia leads to a racing or pounding sensation as the heart rate speeds up, which many people perceive as palpitations. Bradycardia can also be felt as palpitations, especially if the slower rate is irregular or there are pauses that the person notices. Ectopic beats, such as premature atrial or ventricular contractions, often feel like a quick extra beat or a skipped beat that interrupts the regular rhythm.

Because palpitations can be caused by fast, slow, or premature beats, all of these rhythm disturbances can produce the symptom. If palpitations are persistent or accompanied by dizziness, chest pain, or fainting, it’s important to seek medical evaluation.